Urinary tract infections burden the heath care system considerably. Recognize the clinical signs and symptoms of utis introduction urinary tract infection uti is defined as significant bacteriuria in the presence of a constellation. Only about 20 per cent of patients with chronic infections of the urinary tract remain free from significant bacteriuria after cessation of treatment, regardless of the type or duration of chemothe. The incidence of utis increases with age and 2550% of females aged 80 or more have bacteriuria abrutyn et al. Therefore, the appropriate management of utis is a major medical and financial issue. Gavriel last modified by powerpoint ppt presentation free to view.
The purpose of this course is to outline the pathophysiology and causative agents of lower urinary tract infections, differentiating between complicated and uncomplicated, and describing age and gender related differences and treatment options. To find this and previous jama patient pages, go to the patient page index on jama s website at many are available in english and spanish. Goals upon completion of this course, the healthcare provider should be able to. Learn about the symptoms, causes, and treatment of utis at webmd. When it affects the lower urinary tract it is known as a bladder infection cystitis and when it affects the upper urinary tract it is known as a kidney infection pyelonephritis. Abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis caused by pressure from urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in the urinary tract. Davis and others published the pathogenesis of urinary tract infections find, read and cite all the. Although urinary tract is normally free of bacterial growth, but can ascend. Psap 2018 book 1 t infectious diseases 8 urinary tract infections pathophysiology lower utis, also known as cystitis, are significantly more prevalent in women than in men. Pdf the pathogenesis of uncomplicated urinary tract infection uti is. Treatment for bladder problems may include behavioral and lifestyle changes, exercises, medicines, surgery, or a combination of these treatments and others. High recurrence rates and increasing antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens threaten to greatly increase the economic burden of these infections. Urinary tract infections fact sheet kidney health australia. Urinary tract infections utis are some of the most common bacterial infections, affecting 150 million people each year worldwide 1.
Inflammation is a complex tissue reaction to injury that may be caused by physical, chemical, or immunological agents or even by radiation. A urinary tract infection uti is an infection in any part of your urinary system your kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. Urinary tract infections utis can be divided into upper tract infections, which involve the kidneys pyelonephritis, and lower tract infections, which involve the bladder, urethra, and prostate prostatitis. Most of these bacterial organisms are from the gastrointestinal tract. Evaluation and management of urinary tract infections view in. This is primarily because of anatomic differences, including shorter urethral length and moist periurethral environment in. The urine is normally sterile, but exposure to bacteria at the distal urethra meatus may lead to colonization of bacteria within the urinary tract. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. Urinary tract infection uti is a commonly occurring problem among most adults. Simple cystitis of short 15 day duration complicated uti infection in a urinary tract with functional or structural abnormalities ex. Urinary tract infection pathophysiology presentation.
Bladder health for older adults national institute on aging. Urinary tract infections and asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy view in chinese diagnosis sampling and evaluation of voided urine in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection in adults view in chinese kidney and systemic disease autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease adpkd. More than half of women will experience at least one urinary tract infection in their lifetimes. The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections sciencedirect. Pdf the pathogenesis of urinary tract infections researchgate. In 2007, in the united states alone, there were an estimated 10. Lemon flushes the pathophysiology of urinary tract infection ppt e coli bacteria from your body with the tools of vitamin c supplements and will ask for a urinary tract infection. Lower utis, also known as cystitis, are significantly more prevalent in women than in men. Studies published between 1954 and 1988 were identified using medline 19811988 and index medicus 19811988, and through extensive manual searching of.
Normally, bacteria that enter the urinary tract are rapidly. Uncomplicated uti infection in a structurally and neurologically normal urinary tract. Lower utis affect the bladder cystitis and urethra. Urinary tract infections utis are a severe public health problem and are caused by a range of pathogens, but most commonly by escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, enterococcus faecalis and staphylococcus saprophyticus. The importance of p fimbriae in this adhesion is stressed and the evidence for its importance in pyelonephritis is presented in epidemiologic studies of patients, as well. Urinary tract infection uti and cystitis bladder infection. Infection may take place anywhere within the urinary tract, including the lower urinary tract cystitis, or the upper urinary tract pyelonephritis. Urinary tract infections utis are among the most common. If the injury is caused by or involves living microbes, the injury leads to infection. The clinical syndromes comprising urinary tract infection uti continue to. Urinary tract infections in adults pubmed central pmc. Ppt urinary tract infection uti powerpoint presentation. Relapse and reinfection in chronic bacteriuria nejm.
Coli about 85% or more, klebsiella species and staphylococcus saprophyticus 1. This is primarily because of anatomic differences, including shorter urethral length and moist periurethral environment in women. Clinical management of complicated urinary tract infection. Understand pathogenesis of lower and upper urinary tract infections 3. Ppt urinary tract infections powerpoint presentation. Explain the pathophysiology of urinary tract infection list the most risk factors for urinary tract infection diagnose urinary tract infection manage urinary. Studies published between 1954 and 1988 were identified using medline 19811988 and index medicus 19811988, and through extensive manual searching of textbooks, symposia, monographs, and.
Escherichia coli is the most frequent cause of pyelonephritis. Pdf pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention of catheter. The majority of utis are caused by the bacterium escherichia coli e. A urinary tract infection uti is an infection that affects part of the urinary tract.
Its possible virulence factors include the ability to adhere and colonize the urinary tract, an imporant initiating factor in all urinary tract infections utis. The causative organisms of urinary tract infection are dynamic in terms of their virulence and resistance patterns, leading to challenges in the prevention and treatment of urinary infection. Thus, the term urinary tract infection encompasses a variety of clinical entities, including asymptomatic bacteriuria asb, cystitis, prostatitis, and pyelonephritis. Recurrent urinary tract infection uti is one of the most common reasons for longterm antibiotic use in frail older people, and these individuals often have nonsymptomatic bacteriuria. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. Oct 08, 2019 infection with s saprophyticus,an aggressive communityacquired organism, can cause upper urinary tract disease, and this infection is more likely to be persistent or recurrent. Infection limited to your bladder can be painful and annoying. Most infections involve the lower urinary tract the bladder and the urethra.
Utis occur as a result of interactions between the uropathogen and host and their pathogenesis involves several processes. Urinary tract infection in the elderly clin geriatr med 2009 25. Cystitis bladder infection represents the majority of these infections see the image below. All documents are available with free access through the eau website uroweb. Urinary tract infection pdf free medical books arslan library. Lemon flushes the pathophysiology of urinary tract infectionppt e coli bacteria from your body with the tools of vitamin c supplements and will ask for a urinary tract infection. Acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections utis are.
Chronic pyelonephritis describes when one or both kidneys become permanently scarred due to recurrent bouts of acute pyelonephritis, or bacterial infection of the kidney. Symptoms from a lower urinary tract infection include pain with urination, frequent urination, and feeling the need to urinate. The pathogenesis of urinary tract infections intechopen. Urinary tract infection uti, in humans, inflammation of the renal system characterized by frequent and painful urination and caused by the invasion of microorganisms, usually bacteria, into the urethra and bladder. For example, an attack of cystitis inflammation of. A urinary tract infection uti is a collective term for infections that involve any part of the urinary tract. Chronic pyelonephritis urinary tract infection an osmosis. For more information on treatment and management of urinary incontinence, visit urinary incontinence in older adults because most urinary tract infections are caused by bacteria, bacteriafighting medications. This is a pdf file of an unedited manuscript that has. A urinary tract infection uti is an infection in any part of your urinary system. The urinary tract can potentially be infected by a very wide range of organisms including viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites.
If the infection is in the bladder, it is called cystitis. It is caused by an infection due to bacteria or fungi in the urinary tract that comprises the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Normal urine possesses several characteristics that effectively diminish the survival of microorganisms in the urinary tract. Urinary tract infections occur mostly in the bladder and the urethra causing difficulty in urinating and further complications. Objectives by the end of this presentation the participants will be able to. Ureasplitting bacteria, including proteus, klebsiella, pseudomonas, and coagulasenegative staphylococcus, alkalinize the urine and may be associated with struvite stones. Urinary tract infection dr badriya almahrouqi 12112017 2. Adherence is a key event initiating each step in uti pathogenesis. However, in practice, and particularly in children, differentiating between the sites may be difficult or impossible. Urinary tract infection uti is common illness of human beings and. Etiology and pathophysiology of pyelonephritis american.
Urinary tract infections uti are caused by pathogenic microorganisms in the urinary tract kidney, bladder, urethra. Infections are caused by microbesorganisms too small to be seen without a microscopeincluding fungi, viruses, and bacteria. Urinary tract infections national kidney foundation. Understand epidemiology and microbiology of urinary tract infections 2. A patient page on urinary tract infection was published in the march 2229, 2000, issue. Urinary tract infections utis are some of the most common bacterial infections, affecting 150 million people each year worldwide. Urinary tract infections utis are among the most prevailing infectious diseases with a substantial. Urinary tract infections world health organization. Urinary tract infection uti symptoms and causes mayo clinic. Pathophysiology of infection and inflammation free.
Older adults with a uti are more likely to be tired, shaky, and weak and have muscle aches and abdominal pain. A urinary tract infection is caused by microorganisms in the urinary tract. However, in reality, a limited number of bacterial species are the cause of the vast majority of utis, with usually only a single species involved in any one infection. This is of relevance in both primary and secondary care, and many of the challenges are similar in both developed and developing countries alike. Symptoms from a lower urinary tract infection include pain with urination, frequent urination, and feeling the need to urinate despite having an empty bladder. Usually, bacteria that enter the urinary tract system are removed by the body before they can cause symptoms.
Infection of the urinary tract can result in either minor or major illness. Facts about urinary tract infection a urinary tract infection uti is known to affect the urinary tract, kidneys, bladder, and urethra of the patient. Urinary tract infections, pyelonephritis, and prostatitis. The incidence of utis in adult males aged under 50 years is low, with adult women being 30 times more likely than men to develop a uti. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. Urinary tract infection pdf clinical perspectives on. Cystitis is the most common lower urinary tract infection, which causes the bladder lining to become raw and inflamed swollen. This book covers different clinical manifestations of uti, with special emphasis on some hardtotreat diseases, and special conditions in respect of. Wipe from front to back to prevent bacteria from the bowels from getting into the urinary tract. Uti may be asymptomatic subclinical infection or symptomatic disease. Subsequent migration to the bladder step 2 and expression of pili and adhesins results in colonization and invasion of the superficial umbrella cells step 3. Urinary tract infections in menepidemiology, pathophysiology.
It is one of the most common infections in local primary care. Pyelonephritis describes an upper urinary tract infection, which is very serious as it may affect the kidneys. Urinary tract infection infectious diseases jama jama. Ppt urinary tract infections powerpoint presentation free. Urinary tract infection in male veterans treatment patterns and outcomes. Jan 02, 2020 urinary tract infections utis are common in females, accounting for over 6 million patient visits to physicians per year in the united states. Uncomplicated urinary tract infections uti are one of the most common diagnoses in all over the world.
Utis may occur either because of the pathogenicity of the organism, the susceptibility of the host. Pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention of catheterassociated urinary tract infection article pdf available in topics in spinal cord injury rehabilitation 253. Urinary tract infection overview signs and symptoms, pathophysiology, causes and treatment duration. For those with diabetes or atrisk for diabetes, lowsugar or sugar free options are available. In order to correctly reference this scholarly work, feel free to copy and paste the following. Urinary tract infections utis are among the most common conditions requiring medical treatment with 610% of all young females demonstrating bacteriuria. Signs of urinary tract infection in some elderly people, mental changes and confusion may be the only signs of a uti. Urinary tract infections utis are among the most common bacterial infections worldwide, and they are also the leading cause of hospitalacquired infections. Women are at greater risk of developing a uti than are men. Nursing care plan for urinary tract infection uti nrsng.